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 How do water features create either a larger sense of place or a larger sense of universal modernism within a urban landscape?

Diagrammatic Representation of Water Features Cultivating a Sense of Place


   Critical Regionalism Versus Universal Modernism
       Ever notice how the majority of water features built today are less literal, and more, for lack of a better term, more modern? Kenneth Frampton in his writing "Prospects for a Critical Regionalism outlines what universal modernism means according to Paul Ricoeur, "while being the advancement of mankind... constitutes a sort of subtle destruction, not only of traditional cultures, which might not be an irreparable wrong, but also of what I shall call for the time being the creative nucleus of great civilizations and culture (pg. 148)." This term juxtaposes with Frampton's newly introduced term critical regionalism, which means to have a "strong desire for realizing an identity (pg. 148)." So, a critically regional design should contain specificity of place, and serve as marker of historical significance. Overall, Frampton claims any design, including a a water feature should follow the guidelines of technological, functional, and tectonically significant designations of place.
    
Technology
    Environmentally friendly technology of water features!

Tectonically
    All aspects should point to the specificity of place!

Functionally
    Water features should have the "uncanny capacity for the craft enrichment of both form and space!

Possible Water Features of Study:

Crown Fountain in Millennium Park (Chicago, IL)
Paley Park (New York City, NY)
Freeway Park (Seattle, WA)
Salk Institute Water Feature (San Diego, CA)

Trevi Fountain (Rome, Italy)
Fountain of the Four Rivers (Rome, Italy)
Buckingham Fountain (Chicago, Illinois)
Swann Memorial Fountain (Philadelphia, PA)

As I listed these I realize the functions of some may knock aspects of these fountains into the critical regional category and vice versa. So, this is TO BE CONTINUED!!








Bibliography


Baer, Geoffrey. “The Chicago River Tour with Geoffrey Baer.” wttwchicago, 24 May 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5ECsSO6_Cw

Bihani, Shruti. “Effect of Water Bodies in a Space - Architecture Blog.” Talking Spaces: Shruti, 22 April 2020, https://talkingspaces.in/blog/effect-of-water-bodies-in-a-space/#:~:text=In%20architecture%2C%20water%20element%20adds,purification%20associated%20with%20sacred%20values.

Borzo, Greg. “Chicago’s Fabulous Fountains.” Southern Illinois University Press; 1st Edition. 10 May 2017.

Community Vibrancy Wiki. “Paley Pocket Park,” Community Vibrancy Wiki, 2022. https://community-vibrancy.fandom.com/wiki/Paley_Pocket_Park

Fluidra. “Top 3 Benefits of Water Fountains in urban innovation and development.” Innovation and Technology, 31 Jan 2022,

https://www.fluidra.com/projects/benefits-water-fountains-urban-innovation/

Gelt, Joe. “Fountains – Water Wasters or Works of Art?” Water Resources Research Center (WRRC), The University of Arizona, 1993, https://wrrc.arizona.edu/publication/fountains-water-wasters-or-works-art

Gupta, Utssav. “Water in Architecture: Re-visioning fountains and water bodies.” Creators Architects: Utssav, 3 July 2020, https://insights.creatorsarchitects.com/water-in-architecture-re-visioning-fountains-and-water-bodies-43834f7e6e56

Landscape Institute, “Water Sensitive Urban Design.” 25 July 2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b_DTnOzYTR4

Langie, Carol. “Principles of Designing Water Elements in Urban Public Spaces.” MDPI, 4 June 2022. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/11/6877

Greenburg, Mary O. “La Jolla’s Salk Institute: Science Meets Architecture & Oh, What a View!” The Modern Postcard: California, 25 Sept 2019, https://www.themodernpostcard.com/la-jollas-salk-institute-science-meets-architecture-oh-what-a-view/

Inman, Roy. The City of Fountains: Kansas City’s Legacy of Beauty and Motion. Kansas City Star Books; 1st Edition, 20 November 2012.

Moore, Charles W. Water and Architecture. Harry N. Abrams; 1st Edition: Charles, 1 March 1994.

Muller, Brook. Blue Architecture: Water, Design, and Environmental Futures. University of Texas Press: Brook, 10 May 2022.

Strang, Veronica. Water: Nature and Culture (Earth). Reaktion Books, 19 June 2019.

Piciocchi, Alice. “Chicago, Living on the Riverbank.” Abitare; Ross Barney Architects, 2019, https://www.abitare.it/en/habitat-en/urban-design-en/2017/07/08/chicago-waterfront-ross-barney-architects/

Trudeau, Christopher; Steele, Daniel; Guastavino, Catherine. “A Tale of Three Misters: The Effect of Water Features on Soundscape Assessments in Montreal Space.” National Library of Medicine, 25 Nov 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723869/

White, William H. The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces. Project for Public Spaces; 8th ed. Edition: William, 1980.

White, William H. “Water Features.” Project for Public Spaces, 31 Dec 2008, https://www.pps.org/article/waterfeatures#:~:text=New%20plazas%20and%20parks%20provide,and%20fountains%20of%20all%20kinds.









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